五层框架结构学院办公楼设计(建筑设计,结构设计,施工组织设计)(任务书,开题报告,中期检查表,计算书30000字,毕业设计学生工作总结,毕业实习报告书,调研及工程实践)
摘 要
该工程位于唐山市，地震设防烈度为8度，本工程采用框架结构。该楼为五层，层高3.3米，总高17.4米，总建筑面积为3435平方米。
建筑物结构设计使用年限为50年，抗震设防烈度八度。
内装修：内墙面为抹灰刷涂料和贴地砖；地面为铺砌大理石地面、楼面为铺砌大理石楼面，顶棚为抹灰刷涂料。
屋面做法：保温层为聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料板，防水层为SBS高聚物防水卷材。
建筑平面采用对称布置，横向两侧办公室，中间走道。横向共三跨，两侧6米跨，中间2.4米跨。纵向共七跨，边跨4.8米，中间跨7.2米。其中一层设置门厅，档案室，收发室，会议室，电话总机房，图书资料室，楼梯，卫生间；二层、三层、四层设办公室，会议室，楼梯，卫生间；五层设办公室，报告厅，卫生间，楼梯。
每层设置男女卫生间各一个，设在北面，详细布置见建筑图梯采用板式，设在纵向第二跨，纵向对称布置，开间3.6米，进深7.2米，双折等跑式两跑楼梯。设踢面高150毫米，踏面宽300毫米，梯井为200毫米，根据计算，每跑11级台阶，梯段宽为1700毫米。窗共分六种，门四种。
对于使用房间平面设计的要求主要有：房间的面积、形状和尺寸要满足室内使用活动和家具、设备合理布置的要求；门窗的大小和位置，应该考虑房间的出入方便，疏散安全，采光通风良好；房间的构成应使结构构造布置合理，施工方便，材料要符合相应的建筑标准。另外，使用房间面积的大小，主要是由房间内部活动特点、使用人数的多少、家具设备的多少等因素决定，对于办公建筑，普通办公室的使用面积不应小于3m2，单间办公室净面积不宜小于10m2，本办公楼普通办公室的开间为3600mm，进深为6000mm；中型会议室的使用面积宜为60mm2，此办公楼的会议室的使用面积为70m2左右，厕所距离最远的工作房间不应大于50m，尽可能布置在建筑物的一侧，此办公楼设计满足规范要求。
房间剖面的设计，首先要确定市内的净高。即房间内楼地面到顶棚或其它构件底面的距离。对于办公楼，办公室的室内净高不得小于2.6m，设空调的不可低于2.4m，走道净高不得低于2.1m，储藏室净高不得低于2m。故将此办公楼的层高定为3.3m，为了满足室内采光和通风，要将窗户的位置及高低合理设置，为了避免在房间的天棚出现暗角，窗户上沿到天棚的距离尽可能留的小一些。窗的下沿即窗台的高度通常为900mm。
建筑的立面图反映的是建筑四周的外部形象。立面设计师在满足房间的使用经济条件下，运用建筑造型和里面构图的一些规律，紧密结合平面、剖面的内部空间组合面进行的。对于建筑物的立面的设计要求：能反映建筑功能要求和建筑类型的特征；要结合材料性能、结构构造和施工技术的特点；掌握建筑标准和相应的经济指标；适应基地环境和建筑规划的群体布置；符合建筑造型和立面构图的一些规律，如均衡、韵律、对比、统一等；做到把适用、经济、美观三者有机地结合起来。
本建筑设计分为三部分：建筑设计、结构设计、施工组织设计。
建筑设计采取积极措施来增强建筑物的外表强度和坚固性，给人以心理上的安全感。另外，还要有艺术的美感，要有时代气息。
结构部分总的设计思路：在建筑结构的两个主轴方向分别考虑水平地震作用，各方向的水平地震作用应全部由该方向抗侧力结构承担。采用框架结构计算的近似法求解内力，即：求竖向荷载作用下的内力按无侧移框架用弯距二次分配法，求水平地震作用下的内力按三角形分布用D值法。最后利用钢筋混凝土的相关原理进行构件配筋计算及校核。
结构设计主要进行了结构方案中横向框架3轴框架的抗震设计。在确定框架布局之后，先进行了重力荷载代表值的计算,接着利用顶点位移法求出自振周期，进而按底部剪力法计算水平地震作用下大小，进而求出在水平荷载作用下的结构内力（弯矩、剪力、轴力）。接着计算竖向荷载（恒载及活荷载）作用下的结构内力。找出最不利的一组或几组内力组合。 选取最安全的结果计算配筋并绘图。此外还进行了结构方案中的室内楼梯的设计。完成了平台板，梯段板，平台梁等构件的内力和配筋计算。还进行了基础和楼板的设计。
施工组织设计：科学的依据分项工程，流水施工的方法，合理安排施工顺序，注意安全措施，力求经济效益。
具体设计步骤分十步：
第一步：荷载统计，包括各层恒载、活载，计算各楼层重力荷载代表值。
第二步：刚度计算，包括各梁、柱的线刚度，柱的抗侧刚度D，按框架分析的D值法计算。
第三步：框架自震周期的计算。
第四步：验算侧移，包括顶部位移和层间位移。
第五步：内力计算，用反弯点法求得各柱端弯矩、梁端弯矩和梁端剪力。
第六步：竖向力作用下框架内力计算。采用弯矩二次分配法，对梁端弯矩调幅。
第七步：综合配筋计算。将水平地震力与竖向力作用下分别求出的内力进行不利组合，再根据得到的几组不利组合分别进行框架梁、柱的配筋计算，取其中的最大值来配筋。
第八步：使用CAD软件绘制一榀框架配筋图、楼板配筋图以及梁柱截面配筋图。
第九步：楼梯设计，根据建筑设计中确定的楼梯参数，对楼梯的梯段板、平台板和平台梁配筋进行计算，并绘制楼梯各处配筋图。
第十步：基础设计，首先对所给的工程地质条件进行地基处理，然后对基础进行布置和截面配筋计算。
具体的设计内容和设计进程将在正文中作详细说明。
关键词：框架结构，结构分析，抗震设计。
Abstract
The project is located in Tang Shan City using the framework structure, and its intensity of the seismic fortification is 8 degrees, .The building has the five-story , and each floor is 3.3 m height, with a total 18 meters high, with a total construction area of 3435 square meters.
The building construction design uses time limit as 50 yearses, the anti- shakes to establish to defend the strong an octave.
The inside repairs: The inside wall is to puts on the ash brush the coating with stick a brick; The ground is for spreading marble ground, floor as to spread the marble floor, a for put on the ash brush the coating.
House way of doing: The heat preservation layer is a styrene foam plastics plank, the waterproof layer is a high the thing of in SBS waterproof a material.
The building flat surface adopts the symmetry arranging, horizontal two side office, in the center aisle.Horizontal totally three across, two side 6 rices across, in the center 2.4 rices across.Lengthways totally seven across, the side acrosses 4.8 rice, across in the center 7.2 rice.An among those layers establishes hall, file room, receiver room, board room, telephone switchboard building, books reference room, stairs, hygiene;Two layer, three layer, four layers establish the office, board room, stairs, hygiene;Five layers establish the office, reporting the hall, hygiene, stairs.
The each layer establishes men and women hygiene an one for each, establish in the northern side, it is detailed to arrange to see the building diagram steps adoption plank type, establishing at lengthways and two across, lengthways symmetry arrange, open 3.6 rice, enter deep 7.2 rice, a fold etc. run type two run the stairs.Establish to kick high 150 millimeters of, step the breadth 300 millimeters of, the steps well is 200 millimeters of, according to calculation, each run 11 class step, the steps a breadth is 1700 millimeters.The window is divided into totally six kinds of, the door is four kinds of.
Have the request of the usage room flat surface design very much:The area, shape of the room wants the contented indoors the usage the activity with the size with the request that furniture, equipments reasonable arrange;Hasp size with position, should consider the discrepancy of the room the convenience, Disperse safety, adopt the light well ventilated;The composing of the room should make construction constructed to arrange the reasonable, the construction is convenient, the material wants to match the homologous building standard.Moreover, the size of the usage room area, primarily is from internal activity in room characteristics, usage number of how much, furniture equipments of how much the etc. factor decides, for transact the building, the common office uses area shouldn't smaller 3 m2s, single clean area in an office not proper and smaller 10 m2s, this transact the common office in floor opens as 3600 mms, enter deep for 6000 mms;The usage area of the medium-sized board room is proper to use area as for a board room for, this transacting floor a work for or soly, toilet distance farthest room shouldn't over and above 50 ms, arrange possibly in a side of the building, this transact the contented norm in design in floor request.
Main request that transportation contact part involve is: Transportation route Chien's is clear and definite, going through the convenience; The person flows lucid, the instancy Disperses quick safety; It is contented to adopt the well ventilated request in light certainly.Transact the clean breadth in least that construct the aisle be the aisle length over and above 40 ms, clean breadth in aisle in hour of a cloth building not smaller 1.8 ms.When the aisle ground has the high differing and high differ the shortage the second class marking time, cannot establish step, should establish the way of , its slope not very in 1/8.Establishes to the stairs should depend the outside wall, and should be directly natural to adopt the light with direct well ventilated, the each layer Disperses the total width of the stairs should according to each 100 people not smaller a minimum width for computing, Dispersing stairs not smaller 1.2 ms.For the exit shouldn't smaller two width for, each exits shouldn't the smaller an exit for, so this transacting floor establish to three minimum width for, exportings to 1.2 ms.
The design of the room section, want the certain municipal inside clean and high first.Then the floor ground inside the room arrives the distance between a or other a bottom.For transact the floor, the indoors of the office is clean and high cannot smaller 2.6 ms, establish the air condition can't be lower than 2.4 ms, the aisle is clean and high cannot lower than 2.1 ms, the storeroom is clean and high cannot lower than 2 ms.It is past to transact this the story high of the floor settles to establishes for a position for, for the sake of satisfying indoors adopting light with airiness, wanting window and high and low reasonables, in order not to a appears the hidden, on the window along stay possibly a little bit small till a distance for .The bottom of the window along then the high degree of the window sill is usually for 900 mms.
What architectural diagram reflect is to constructs the on all sides exterior image. designer is in economic term in usage that contented room nextly, application building shape with the some regulation of the composition, the internal space of the close and combinative flat surface, section combines what proceed.Design request toward the of the building: Can reflect to construct the function the request with the characteristic that construct the type; Want the combinative material function, construction the structure and start construction technical characteristics; Control to construct the standard with the homologous and economic index sign; Adapt to the base environment to arrange with the community that construct the programming; Match to construct the shape with the some regulation of the composition, such as the well balanced, metre, contrast, unify etc.;Attain to puts together the suitable for use, economy, beauty three organism a knot.
The architectural design is divided into three parts: the architectural design, structural design, construction organization design
Architectural design takes positive measures to enhance the strength and firmnessthe of the appearance of the building , giving a psychological sense of security. In addition, there must be the beauty of art and the characteristics of the times.
The general design thinking of the structure part ：The two directions of main shaft in building structure difference consideration horizontal seismic role，the horizontal seismic role of each direction should fight side force structure completely by this direction to understake. With the approximation of frame structural calculation beg to take affact untie force. Beg to erect under load role force press without side move rigid frame use curved distance twice distribution law，beg horizontal earthquake to take affact under force press triangle distribution use D value method. The related principle that uses reinforced concrete finally carries out component to match tendon calulation and school nucleus.
The purpose of the design is to do the anti-seismic design in the longitudinal frames of axis 3. When the directions of the frames is determined, firstly the weight of each floor is calculated .Then the vibrate cycle is calculated by utilizing the peak-displacement method, then making the amount of the horizontal seismic force can be got by way of the bottom-shear force method. The seismic force can be assigned according to the shearing stiffness of the frames of the different axis. Then the internal force (bending moment, shearing force and axial force ) in the structure under the horizontal loads can be easily calculated. After the determination of the internal force under the dead and live loads, the combination of internal force can be made by using the Excel software, whose purpose is to find one or several sets of the most adverse internal force of the wall limbs and the coterminous girders, which will be the basis of protracting the reinforcing drawings of the components. The design of the stairs is also be approached by calculating the internal force and reinforcing such components as landing slab, step board and landing girder whose shop drawings are completed in the end.
Construction organization plan: The scientific basis sub-item project, the running water construction method, the reasonable arrangement executes the order, the attention security measure, makes every effort the economic efficiency.
The concrete design stage divides into ten steps:
The first step :Load statistics,including each layer permanent year and work to carry,each building layer gravity load representative of calculation worth.
The second step:rigidity calculation include the line rigidity of each beam and colume,colume fight the D value law calculation that side rigidity D analyses according to frame.
The third step:Frame from the calculation of the earthquake period.
The fourth step:the side of Checking computation is moved,includs top displacement between layer displacement.
The fifth step:Force calcultion get each colume end with on the contrary curved a litter method to bend distance and beam end curved distance and beam end cut force.
The sixth step:Erect to the force calculation in force role sill frame.With curved rules,distribute law twice,and bend rules amplitude modulation for beam end, the coefficient of amplitude modulation β take 0.8.
The seventh step:Synthesize to match tendon calculation.Face with horizontal seismic force with erect under force role difference beg make force carry out unfavorable combination,some groups of unfavorable combinations that basis gets again carries out frame beam respectively, column match tendon calculation, take the biggest value in which is last match tendon.
The eighth step:Use CAD software to draw one pin frame match tendon picture and floor match tendon picture as well as beam colume section match tendon picture.
The ninth step:Stairs design matches tendon according to the definite staris parameter in building design,for platform beam,platform board and the ladder section board of stairs to carry out calculation, and draw each place of stairs to match tendon picture
The tenth step:Basic design frist carries out foundation handling for the project geological condition given,is then arranged for foundation with section match tendon calculation.
specific design content and design course will make detailed explanation in text.
Key words：frame structure，structural analysis，anti-seismis design.
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