厚层橡胶支座竖向减振效果的数值模拟研究

厚层橡胶支座竖向减振效果的数值模拟研究(任务书,开题报告,论文14000字)
摘要
与水平隔震用的普通叠层橡胶支座相比，厚层橡胶支座的单层橡胶较厚，竖向刚度较小，可用于减小轨道交通引起的环境振动。目前，关于厚层橡胶支座的减振效果的研究，因试验条件的限制，主要依靠缩尺模型的竖向激振试验。本文开展了厚层橡胶支座的力学性能和竖向减振效果的数值模拟研究，主要内容包括：
（1）在掌握普通叠层橡胶支座的设计方法的基础上，设计一个厚层橡胶支座和一个普通叠层橡胶支座，两个支座的橡胶层单层厚度不同但总橡胶层厚度相同。
（2）根据规范方法计算厚层橡胶支座的竖向刚度，并在此基础上，提出采用设计位移多次迭代的修正计算方法确定厚层橡胶支座的竖向刚度。
（3）用有限元软件ABAQUS建立厚层橡胶支座的有限元模型，对厚层橡胶支座的力学性能进行数值模拟研究。
（4）对厚层橡胶支座的竖向减振效果进行了数值模拟研究，对比厚层橡胶支座与普通叠层橡胶支座之间的竖向减振效果，并探讨橡胶支座竖向减振效果与第一形状系数之间的关系。
研究结果表明：本文所设计的厚层橡胶支座满足正常使用要求，厚层橡胶支座的减振效果要比普通叠层橡胶支座的减振效果好，并且减振效果随着橡胶支座第一形状系数的减小而加强。

关键词：厚层橡胶支座；数值模拟；第一形状系数；力学性能；竖向减振效果
 
Abstract
Compared with laminated rubber bearing aimed to horizontal seismic isolation,thick rubber bearing,whose rubber layer thickness is higher and vertical stiffness is smaller, can be used to reduce environment vibration induced by rail transit. The study of the isolation effect of thick rubber bearing mainly focus on exprimental inveatigations of small.scale bearings so far because of the limit of test equipments. To study the mechanical behavior and isolation effect of thick rubber bearing, a numerical model is developed in the paper which contains:
(1)    Design a thick rubber bearing and a laminated rubber bearing based on the design theory and method of laminated rubber bearing.The total rubber thickness of the two rubber bearings is the same, but the thickness of rubber layer is different.
(2)    Calculate the vertical stiffness of thick rubber bearing according to the vertical calculaton method of rubber bearing aimed to horizontal seismic isolation ,and then correct it based on the modified calculation method using design compression displacement after multiple iterative.
(3)    The finite element of rubber bearings are created,and the numerical modelling concerning mechanical behavior is analyzed.
(4)    Analyse the vertical isolation effect of rubber bearing. Compare the vertical isolation effect between the thick rubber bearing and the laminated rubber bearing and study the connection between the vertical isolation effect and the first shape factor using rubber bearing modal.
Result show that, the designed thick rubber bearing can be sufficient to use actual requirment. The vertical isolation effect of thick rubber bearing is better than laminated rubber bearing, and it will decrease with the decrease of the first shape factor.
Key words: thick rubber bearing; numerical model; the first shape factor; mechanical behavior; vertical isolation effect
 
目录
第1章 绪论    1
1.1 研究背景与意义    1
1.2 国内外研究现状    1
1.2.1 厚层橡胶支座的试验研究    1
1.2.2 数值模拟研究    2
1.3 本文的主要工作    3
第2章 厚层橡胶支座设计    4
2.1 设计方法    4
2.2 厚层橡胶支座的竖向刚度修正    8
2.2.1 修正计算方法的提出    8
2.2.2 修正计算方法的验证    9
第3章 厚层橡胶支座的力学性能    12
3.1 橡胶支座有限元模型的建立    12
        3.1.1 有限元软件的选取......................................................................................12
        3.1.2 橡胶本构模型的选取..................................................................................12
        3.1.3 橡胶支座模型的建立..................................................................................13
3.2 橡胶支座的压缩性能    16
3.3 橡胶支座的剪切性能    19
3.4 厚层橡胶支座的强度和稳定性    22
    第4章 厚层橡胶支座的竖向减振效果    24
4.1 1/4有限元模型建立    24
4.2 减振效果评价指标    26
    4.3 厚层橡胶支座和普通叠层橡胶支座减振效果对比.............................................27
        4.3.1 峰值加速度比较..........................................................................................27
        4.3.2 三分之一倍频程分析..................................................................................28
    4.4 减振效果与第一形状系数之间的关系.................................................................29
        4.4.1 各第一形状系数不同的橡胶支座的设计..................................................29
        4.4.2 峰值加速度比较..........................................................................................30
        4.4.3 三分之一倍频程分析..................................................................................31
    第5章 结论..........................................................................................................................32
参考文献    33
致谢    35