CA6140进给传动系统数控改造设计(含CAD图)(任务书,论文说明书19000字,CAD图纸5张,实习调研报告)
摘 要
在该次的设计中，参照传统的普通车床CA6140，对进给系统进行了数控改造，目的在于提高车床的数控化，提高加工效率。在进给系统的数控改造中，主要内容有改造方案的分析、伺服电机的选择、齿轮的设计、导轨的设计以及滚珠丝杠螺母的选择。而在对进给系统数控化改造时，需要对原有的一部分结构进行拆卸。例如拆除原车床的进给箱、溜板箱、丝杠、刀架等，换成由步进电机带动丝杠螺母副做回转运动。滚珠丝杠带动托板在导轨上运动，从而完成工作台在X、Y方向的直线运动。
在设计中，通过对主要结构的设计计算，选择出合理的零件，再根据结构画出了横纵向的装配图，完成说明书的书写和整理。
关键词： 普通车床；数控；改造
Abstract
In this design, referring to the traditional ordinary lathe and taking ca 6140 lathe as an example, the feeding system was digitally modified, aiming at improving the CNC of the lathe and improving the machining efficiency. In the numerical control reformation of this feeding system, the main contents include the analysis of reformation scheme, the selection of servo motors, the design of gears, the design of guide rails and the selection of ball screw nuts. However, in the process of numerical control reformation of the feed system, it is necessary to disassemble some of the original structures. For example, the feed box, slide board box, screw rod and tool rest of the original lathe are removed, and the screw rod nut pair is driven by a stepping motor to do rotary motion. The ball screw drives the support plate to move on the guide rail, thus completing the linear movement of the worktable in the x and y directions.
In this design, through the design and calculation of the main parts, the reasonable parts were selected, and the assembly drawings were drawn according to the structure to complete the writing and arrangement of the instructions.
Keywords:General purpose lathe；Numerical control(NC)；Reform
设计目标：最大加工长度750mm，溜板箱及刀架重量：纵向1100N，横向650N；刀架快移速度：纵向2m/min，横向1m/min；最大进给速度：纵向 0.8m/min，横向0.4m/min；最小分辨率：纵向0.001mm；横向0.005mm；主电 机功率7.5kW，最大切削速度v=100m/min。
目 录
摘 要 ..I
Abstract ..II
第1章 绪论...................................................................................................................1
1.1 车床（机床）现状..........................................................................................1
1.1.1 对普通车床改造的意义..........................................................................1
1.1.2 车床的发展现状......................................................................................1
1.2 车床的发展趋势..............................................................................................2
1.2.1 高速度、高精度化................................................................................2
1.2.2 数控系统小型化以及编程自动化..........................................................2
1.2.3 智能化和多功能化..................................................................................3
1.3 课题要达到的设计目的.................................................................................3
第2章 CA6140进给传动系统数控改造设计方案设计及可行性论证.....................4
2.1外加数控系统局部和整体改造......................................................................4
2.1.1 方案1 对原有结构的拆除与新结构的添加..........................................4
2.1.2 方案2 布局设计......................................................................................5
2.1.3方案3步进电机连接设计.......................................................................6
2.2 CA6140进给传动系统数控改造方案可行性论证......................................6
2.2.1 方案1评价...............................................................................................6
2.2.2 方案2评价...............................................................................................7
2.2.3方案3评价...............................................................................................7
2.3 方案确定 .....................................................................................................7
第3章 进给系统设计计算..........................................................................................9
3.1 纵向进给伺服进给结构设计..........................................................................9
3.1.1 确定脉冲当量...........................................................................................9
3.1.2切削力的计算...........................................................................................9
3.2滚珠丝杠螺母副的计算和选型 ...................................................................10
3.2.1 精度的选择.............................................................................................10
3.2.2丝杠导程的确定.....................................................................................11
3.2.3最大工作载荷的计算.............................................................................11
3.2.4最大动载荷的计算.................................................................................11
3.2.5滚珠丝杠螺母副的选型.........................................................................12
3.2.6滚珠丝杠副的支承方式.........................................................................12
3.2.7传动效率的计算.................................................................................... 13
3.2.8刚度的验算.............................................................................................13
3.2.9稳定性校核..................................................................................... .......14
3.2.10临界转速的验证...................................................................... .... .......14
3.3齿轮传动的计算............................................................................................15
3.3.1传动选择......................................................................................................15
3.3.2初步计算传动主要尺寸..............................................................................16
3.4步进电动机的选择......................................................................................... ...19
3.4.1相关转动惯量计算......................................................................................19
3.4.2所需转动力矩计算......................................................................................20.
3.4.3纵向进给系统步进电机的确定..................................................................21
3.5导轨的设计与选择........................................................................................ ....22.
3.5.1导轨的特点................................................................................................. 22.
3.5.2导轨的设计..................................................................................................22
3.6横向进给伺服进给结构设计.............................................................................26
3.6.1切削力的计算..............................................................................................26
3.7滚珠丝杠螺母副的计算和选型.........................................................................26
3.7.1 最大工作载荷的计算..................................................................................26
3.7.2最大动载荷的计算......................................................................................26
3.7.3滚珠丝杠螺母副的选型..............................................................................27
3.7.4滚珠丝杠副的支承方式..............................................................................28
3.7.5 传动效率的计算..........................................................................................28
3.7.6刚度的验算..................................................................................................28
3.7.7稳定性校核..................................................................................................29
3.7.8临界转速的验证..........................................................................................29
3.8进给伺服系统传动计算.....................................................................................30
3.8.1确定传动比..................................................................................................30
3.8.2齿轮参数的计算..........................................................................................30
3.8.3初步计算传动主要尺寸..............................................................................31
3.9步进电机的计算和选用.....................................................................................34
3.9.1转动惯量的计算..........................................................................................34
3.9.2丝杠传动时折算到电机轴上的总传动惯量..............................................34
3.9.3电机力矩的计算..........................................................................................35
3.9.4步进电机的选择..........................................................................................37
3.10箱体设计及润滑与密封选择....................................................................... ...38
3.10.1箱体的设计................................................................................................38
3.10.2密封的选择................................................................................................38
3.11环境保护和可持续发展方面的思考...............................................................38
3.11.1绿色制造、保护环境................................................................................38
3.11.2坚持可持续发展、积极响应政策进行安全生产....................................39
第4章 产品使用与维护.................................................................................................40
4.1 车床的使用.........................................................................................................40
4.2车床维护.............................................................................................................41
第5章 毕业设计特色专题.............................................................................................42
结论...................................................................................................................................45
参考文献..........................................................................................................................46
致 谢...............................................................................................................................48
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