基于PLC的太阳能电板自动跟踪系统的设计

基于PLC的太阳能电板自动跟踪系统的设计(外文翻译,论文14000字,CAD连接原理图)
摘  要
如今，矿物资源越来越紧缺，所以太阳能等绿色可再生资源的利用就显得越来越重要了。但是现在对太阳能的利用率一直不高，因此高效利用太阳能成为了解决能源危机的有效途径。
现在的太阳能发电装置基本都是固定不动的，这样的后果就是效率很低，一般要比能够跟着太阳旋转的发电装置效率低20-35%。因此，本文以太阳能发电为背景，设计和实现了一种基于PLC的自动跟踪系统，为发电系统中最大效率的利用太阳能奠定了良好的基础。本文在阅读了很多相关文献和自己的想法的基础上，根据太阳能高效率利用的要求,对该系统进行了设计与实现。本系统主要的目标就是设计一款自动跟踪的太阳能发电装置，提高发电效率。主要分为如下几个步骤：1.利用光电跟踪方式对太阳进行追踪，另外使用双轴进行两个方向的跟踪，双轴跟踪弥补了单轴追踪的不精确，四象限限探测器用来接收光信号,实现对太阳的定位，它价格便宜，所以性价比比较高；2.设计放大器处理探测器发出的信号；3.利用PLC作为该系统的数据处理核心，光电跟踪主程序、测角信号程序和数据处理等程序等都在PLC中完成；4.采用光电编码器反馈信号，形成闭环控制；5.用仿真进行验证。
关键词:自动跟踪系统；PLC；四象限光电探测器；光电跟踪
 
Abstract
Nowadays, mineral resources are scarcer, so the utilization of solar energy and other green renewable resources becomes more and more important. Yet now the utilization rate of solar energy is not high, so the efficient utilization of solar energy has become the effective way to solve the energy crisis.
Solar power generation device now are basically fixed, the consequence is that the power generation of using servo control system has more 20-35% than the fixed equipment under the same conditions. This paper designed and implemented a PLC-based intelligent solar tracking system under the context of solar power generation system which lay a good foundation for maximum use of solar power in the power generation system. This paper relies on off-grid wind and solar power generation system, designs and implements system according to the efficiency of solar power generation needs based on access to relevant literature data. It is mainly divided into the following several steps: 1. Because of the current shortcomings of tracking mode in solar tracking control system, this paper designs a tracking mode to make up the lack of run separately which is the mode of combining the photovoltaic tracking and sun angel tracking. Using Four-quadrant photovoltaic detector as signal acquisition, it has simple structure and high accuracy. 2. Designing amplifier to detect signal from detector .3.Using PLC as the master controller, and complete the main electro-optical tracking, control pulse procedures, angle signal and data processing procedures, etc.4. Using optical encoder to feedback signal in order to form a closed loop control. 5. It is verified by simulation
Key words: Intelligent solar tracking; PLC; Four-quadrant photovoltaic detector; Photovoltaic tracking
 

目 录
摘  要    I
ABSTRACT    II
第一章  绪论    1
1.1课题研究背景和意义    1
1.2随动控制系统    1
1.2.1研究现状和运用    1
1.2.2未来发展趋势    2
1.3逐日控制系统的现状与发展趋势    2
1.4本文主要研究内容    4
第二章 自动跟踪系统结构及硬件设计    5
2.1自动跟踪系统结构    5
2.1.1系统整体结构    5
2.1.2系统软件结构    6
2.1.3系统硬件结构    7
2.2 系统硬件设计    9
2.2.1信号收集与处理    9
2.2.2 PLC系统    14
2.2.3步进电机    15
2.2.4反馈环节    17
第三章  自动跟踪系统软件设计    19
3.1转台角度程序设计    19
3.2控制脉冲程序    20
3.3测角信号程序    23
3.4 人机界面    24
第四章 自动跟踪系统建模与仿真    26
4.1系统建模与仿真    26
4.2仿真结果与分析    28
第五章 总结展望    30
参考文献    31