转向系统STEERING SYSTEM

转向系统STEERING SYSTEM(中文5000字,英文PDF)
1.转向系统基础部分
转向动能将转向盘的旋转运动转换成汽车转向轮的转向运动。在众多汽车中，转向系统的基本原理是一样的。转向器是转向系统的核心，它通常是紧挨发动机。一根轴从转向器的前方延伸出来，这根轴与转向柱管或转向轴相连。转向盘安装在转向柱管的顶端。另一根轴从转向器的后部伸出，这根轴与摇杆用连接件相连接。这些部件总成被称为转向发动机构，它使转向器与转向轮上部件相连接，车轮安装在转向节上。因此，车轮就可以从一边转向另一边了。
转向系统可能看起来很复杂，但是工作原理相当简单。当司机驾驶汽车直线行驶在道路上，转向器位于中心。当转向器保持传动机构处在中间以至于车轮与轮胎保持直线。当司机转动转向盘时，转向轴旋转，同时转向器向同一方向运动。从转向器底端出来的轴转动，带动传动机构传递到另一边。并且使得转向节沿着支点转动。因此，转向节、转向节轴端、车轮与轮胎都转向一边，导致汽车转向。
STEERING SYSTEM
1 .Basic Parts Of Steering System
The steering converts the steering-wheel rotary motion of the steered wheels of the vehicle. The basic steering system in most cars is the same. The steering gear of steering box is the back of the steering gear. This shaft is connected to the steering column or steering shaft. The steering wheel is at the top of the steering column. Another shaft comes from the bottom of the steering gear. This shaft connects to the arms, rods .and links. This parts assembly .called the steering linkage. connects to the parts at the wheels. The wheels and tires mount to the steering knuckles. The knuckles are pivoted at the top and bottom. Thus, the wheels and tires can turn from side to side.
While the steering system may look complicated. it works quite simply. When a driver drives a car straight down the road, the steering gear is centered. The gear holds the linkage centered so that the wheels and tires point straight ahead. When the driver turns the steering wheel ,the steering shaft rotates and the steering gear moves toward that side. The shaft coming out the bottom of the steering gear turns. as well. When the shaft turns . Thus, the steering knuckle, spindle, wheels. and tires turn to one side, causing the car to turn.
The type of steering layout depends on the suspension system. The beam axle used on heavy commercial vehicles has a king pin fitted at each end of the axle and this pin is the pivot which allows the wheels to be steered. Cars have independent suspension and this system has ball joints to allow for wheel movement.