新拌混凝土的性能(Properties of Fresh Concrete)

新拌混凝土的性能(Properties of Fresh Concrete)(中文5800+英文4100字)
新拌混凝土为水、水泥、集料和外加剂（如果有的话）的混合物。搅拌后，新拌混凝土的操作如输送、浇注、密实和终饰也会显著影响硬化混凝土的性能。组成材料在施工的不同时期保持在混凝土中的均匀分布及完全密实是很重要的。若这些条件不理想，成品硬化混凝土的性能如强度和耐久性就有不利影响。
    新拌混凝土影响完全密实的特性是其稠度、流动性和密实性。在混凝土实践中这些一起被称为和易性。混凝土维持其均匀性的能力由其稳定性控制，稳定性又取决于稠度和粘聚性。由于对混凝土拌和物运输、浇注和捣固采用的方法与浇注构件的性质一样随工程不同而异，因此相应的和易性和稳定性要求也会改变。对特定工作新拌混凝土的适应性的评定在某种程度上总存在人为判断的问题。
尽管很重要，但塑性混凝土的行为通常被忽视。建议学生应学会鉴定塑性状态混凝土的不同特性的重要性，了解在包括浇注混凝土结构的施工操作时如何去改变它们。

Properties of Fresh Concrete
Edited by H.-J. Wierig
    Fresh concrete is a mixture of water, cement, aggregate and admixture (if any). After mixing, operations such as transporting, placing, compacting and finishing of fresh concrete can all considerably affect the properties of hardened concrete. It is important that the constituent materials remain uniformly distributed within the concrete mass during the various stages of its handling and that full compaction is achieved. When either of these conditions is not satisfied the properties of the resulting hardened concrete, for example, strength and durability, are adversely affected.
    The characteristics of fresh concrete which affect full compaction are its consistency, mobility and compactability. In concrete practice these are often collectively known as workability. The ability of concrete to maintain its uniformity is governed by its stability, which depends on its consistency and its cohesiveness. Since the methods employed for conveying, placing and consolidatingd a concrete mix, as well as the nature of the section to be cast, may vary from job to job it follows that the corresponding workability and stability requirements will also vary. The assessment of the suitability of a fresh concrete for a particular job will always to some extent remain a matter of personal judgment.