计算机辅助制造

中文译文
计算机辅助制造(中文4200字,英文2500字)
计算机辅助制造一词涵盖了信息处理、生产决策、及生产加工等诸多领域，给CAM下一个简单的定义极为困难。D.Kochan针对CAM的多样性和广泛的应用范围，给CAM下了一个非常合适的定义。CAM可定义为计算机辅助生产准备，包括决策、工艺和作业计划、软件设计技术、人工智能、用不同类型的自动机床（如数控机床、数控加工中心、数控加工单元、数控柔性制造系统），以及不同种类的实现方法（CNC——计算机数控技术、DNC——群控技术）。
由于CAM有如此广泛的使用范围。认识CAM更好的方法是通过CAM技术。CAM技术覆盖了群控技术、射干难产数据库、自动化、公差等。图22-1所示的是CAM的一般框架结构。
生产中计算机的基本职能就是获取和处理与大量业务有关的数据，这些业务在企业内各个部门中连续不断地发生。CAM最初的研究是1953年麻省理工学院（MIT）对机床数字控制的研究。在MIT，出现懒得编程语言即自动化编程工具（APT），它是后来进一步发展的基本工具。当前CAM涉及到的功能如下：

英文原文
COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING   
The term Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) covers many areas from information processing and decision making to manufacturing and machining, which makes giving a single definition for CAM extremely difficult. D. Kochan gave fitting definition for CAM, with its diversity and wide range of use, in his book, “CAM can be defined as computer-aided preparation of manufacturing including decision-making, process and operational planning, software design techniques, and  artificial intelligence, and manufacturing with different types of automation (NC machine, NC machine centers, NC machining cells, NC flexible manufacturing systems), and different types of realization (CNC single unit technology, DNC group technology).”
Since CAM has such a wide range of use, a better way too look at CAM is through CAM technologies. The CAM technologies covered are group technology, manufacturing database, automated and tolerancing. Fig.22-1 illustrates the general scope of CAM.