110kv变电所的防雷设计

110kv变电所的防雷设计(论文11000字)
摘要：闪电是一种华丽而令人生畏的放电现象，有闪光和雷声。其放电产生的雷电流高达数十甚至数百千安培，产生强大的机械，热和电磁效应。这种自然现象很容易损坏电力系统的正常运行，对系统安全构成很大威胁。变电所是电力系统的重要组成部分。为保证用户供电的可靠性、满足日益增长的电力负荷、保证电力系统运行的稳定性，变电所的防雷设计起到了决定性作用。本文介绍了雷电的形成、雷电的分类和发展过程以及雷电的参数，介绍了雷电的危害。详细叙述了变电所防雷的基本原理和原则，阐明了避雷针防护范围的两种计算方法。依据现有的变电站的基本背景与资料，给出系统短路电流的详细计算及分析。更根据得出的短路电流进行接地网设计和接地电阻的计算，提出了降低接地电阻的多种可行方式。分析了避雷针的具体安装位置，并给出保护范围，简述了避雷器的选择，最终做出了较为完整的110kv变电所的防雷设计。
关键词：雷电；变电所；防雷保护；接地装置；接地电阻

Lightning protection design of 110kv substation
Abstract:Lightning is a phenomena of majestic and intimidating discharge with flashlight and thunder.This discharge produces lightning currents up to a few tens or hundreds of amperes, creating powerful mechanicaleffect, thermal effectand electromagnetic effect.This natural phenomenon can easily damage the normal operation of the power system and pose a great threat to system security.Substation playsavitalroleinthepowersystem.The substation's lightning protection design plays a crucial role in ensuring the reliability of the user's power supply, meeting the growing power load, and ensuring the stability of the operation of the power system.This paper introduced the formation of lightning, the classification and development process of lightning, and the parameters of lightning, and introduced the damage of lightning.The basic principles and principles of lightning protection in substations are explained in detail, and two calculation methods for lightning protection range are clarified.Based on the basic background and data of the existing substation, detailed calculation and analysis of grid short circuit current are presented.According to the obtained short circuit current, the calculation of ground grid design and ground resistance was carried out, and various possible methods to reduce the ground resistance were proposed.This paper alsocompleted arresting position, specific position, security protectionanddescription arrester.Finally, a lightning protection design for a relatively complete 110kv substation was made.
Key words:lightning;substation;lightning protection; grounding device;grounding resistance

目录
1 雷电的基本知识    5
1.1 雷电的形成    5
1.2 雷电的分类    5
1.2.1  直击雷    5
1.2.2  感应雷    6
1.2.3  雷电侵入波    6
1.2.4  球形雷    6
1.3 雷电参数    6
1.4 雷电的危害    7
2 变电所的防雷保护    7
2.1 避雷针    7
2.2 避雷器    13
2.3 变电所建筑物的防雷    14
3 变电站的防雷接地    14
3.1 接地的分类    14
3.2 接地电阻    15
3.3 变电所接地装置    16
3.4接地电阻的构成和降低措施    17
4 110kv变电所防雷设计实例    17
4.1 变电所的概况    17
4.2短路电流的计算    18
4.2.1 短路电流的计算说明    18
4.2.2短路电流的详细计算    19
4.3 接地网设计    24
4.3.1 变电所接地网设计说明    24
4.3.2 接地网设计计算    24
4.4 防雷设计    27
4.4.1进线段保护    27
4.4.2 变压器的防雷保护    28
4.4.3 避雷针装设位置和保护范围计算    28
4.4.4 避雷器的选择    30
结论    31
参考文献    32
致谢    33