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挡土墙

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中文3900字,英文2200字

 

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   摘要:工程师在开挖大于自然坡度的斜坡时,他们需要护墙来阻止坡体土的滑动。在传统上,挡土墙有三个基本的元素:结构、土的类型以及其他的外在因素。挡土墙的结构可以分为两大类:一是与土体紧密相连的结构;二是支撑挖掘厚土体的结构。挡土墙的选择主要考虑九方面的因素:土的特性;地下的影响;施工影响;优先权因素,;美学;环境因素;持久性与养护;费用;政策及传统的影响。
Abstract: when engineers excavate a slope steeper than nature allow ,they need a retaining wall to keep all that earth from tumbling down. Traditionally earth-retaining structures have three basic elements: the ground and any external factors base earth-retaining structures can be pided into two major categories : those supporting compacted earth and those supporting ground excavations.selection factors can be pided into nine major categories: soil characteristics construction  considerations. right-of-way, aesthetics, environmental concerns, durability and maintentenance, cost, politic and tradition

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