行人在信号交叉口的违章穿越行为：影响行人违章的因素

行人在信号交叉口的违章穿越行为：影响行人违章的因素(中文 5000字,英文3000字)
摘要：设计人行横道的目的是为保证行人穿越道路时的安全避免，行人和机动车之间的冲突。然而,行人穿越并不总是遵守规则,包括信号计时的规则和过街设施的位置等规则。观察和调查行人违章过街的交叉口是在土耳其伊兹密尔选取的过街时间和过街距离有一定的差距的人行横道长度在25米之内的交叉口。每个交叉口的观察在工作日下午(12：30 --13：30)和晚上高峰时间(17：00 --18：00)。在调查中共444个违章过街的行人信息被采集，并对采集的违章过街行人的视频数据进行了分析，所有调查的交叉口的道路都是由两个车道组成。在这项研究中信号交叉路口的行人的违章过街行为取决于迎面而来的车辆的位置。笔者调查了行人会采取违章过街的穿越人行横道需要的时间和迎面来的车辆的位置，行人会违章过街的迎面来的车辆的位置是在当时行人所处车道前的第一个车道的车辆的位置。根据迎面来的车辆的位置的不同，行人的距离的感知可以分为五类：车辆在行人的25米内的人行道,车辆在行人的25 - 50米内的人行横道,车辆在行人的50 - 75米的人行道,车辆是在行人的75米之外的人行横道和车辆是在行人的视野视野之外的人行横道。对距离差距、安全边距和穿越时间等影响行人违章过街的因素用单因素方差分析做了分析研究，分析结果表示，最显著影响行人采取过街决定的是迎面来车的车速。行人做出是否违章穿越的决定主要基于穿越距离的差距，而不是穿越时间。

Purpose of designing crosswalks is to allow pedestrians to cross the roads safely avoiding conflicts between pedestrians and motorized vehicles. However, pedestrians do not always comply with the crossing rules, whether it is timing (signalization) and/or location (cross-ing facility). An observation survey of illegal crossings was conducted at six intersections in Izmir, Turkey to determine the distance and time gap perception of the pedestrians for safe road-crossing within the 25 m of the crosswalk. Each intersection was observed on week-days during afternoon (12.30–13.30) and evening peak hours (17.00–18.00). Totally, 444 illegal crossings were observed at all intersections. Data were analyzed playing the video recordings in office. All roads were consisted of two lanes. In this study pedestrians’ illegal crossing behavior at signalized intersections depending on the position of the oncoming vehicle is of interest. Safety margins and crossing times of the pedestrians were also reported. Position of the vehicle was determined for the first lane at the instant the pedestrian stepped the lane. Pedestrians’ distance gap perception was categorized into five groups depending on the position of the oncoming vehicle which are; vehicle is within the 25 m of the crosswalk, vehicle is within the 25–50 m of the crosswalk, vehicle is within the 50–75 m of the crosswalk, vehicle is just beyond 75 m, and vehicle is out of field of view. Factors affecting the distance gaps, safety margins and crossing times were analyzed by ANOVA. The most significant effect was the vehicle speed in all analysis. Pedestrians based their decision of crossing on distance rather than time gap.