减轻近路口公交停靠站对车辆的影响

减轻近路口公交停靠站对车辆的影响(中文5000字,英文3000字)
公交停靠站通常设置在接近信号交叉口的上游路段。公交车在交叉口绿灯时间内在近路口公交停靠站停车上下客时会阻碍从上游来的社会车队。结果导致后续的社会车辆在交叉口处的排队现象。公交停靠站与它所对应的交叉口的距离越短，这个问题就越严重。
本文用运动波的理论建立模型来解决这一问题。这个模型可以用来确定近路口的公交停靠站应该设置在何处以达到预先设定的剩余车辆排队长度的目标水平。另外，这个模型还可以用在制定方案来减轻社会车辆的排队这一方面，通过短暂约束一些公交车使其晚一些到达公交停靠站来实现这一方案。该方案可以有选择地应用以便被短暂约束的公交车离开公交停靠站的时间不会推迟。因此公交车也得以长期不延误。分析表明这套公交约束方案可以显著降低车辆延误和排队。我们在公交停靠站建立的公交约束模型在连续随机变化的车流中被证明是正确的。
关键词：近路口公交停靠站；公交约束；运动波理论；车辆排队

Bus stops are often placed short distances upstream of signalized intersections. Buses that dwell at one of these so-called near-side stops can impede queued cars upstream from dis-charging through the intersection during green times. Residual car queues can form at the intersection as a result. The smaller the distance between a stop and its intersection, the greater the problem can be.

Models are formulated to address this problem using kinematic wave theory. The models can be used to determine where to place a near-side stop to achieve a target level of resid-ual car queueing. In addition, the models are used herein to develop a scheme for mitigat-ing residual car queues by briefly detaining some buses from reaching the stop. The scheme can be applied selectively, so that the times that detained buses depart from the stop are not postponed. The buses are therefore not delayed over the longer run. Analysis indicates that this bus-holding scheme can significantly reduce car delays and queueing. Our models for placing stops and holding buses are shown to be robust to systematic and random changes in car flow.