悬架系统

悬架系统(中文5000字,英文PDF)
3.1简介
车辆悬架是指一个将车身或者车架直接链接到车轮的机械机构体。
由于有三个或以上轮子的整体式车辆是超静定体系，所以有必要使车辆结构具有足够的灵活性，以允许与地面和轮子时刻接触。或者车轮通过一可变形系统（悬架系统），悬架被连接到刚性车身。第二种方案被大多数的车辆使用。而第一种方案广泛应用在过去的马车，现在用在低速的车辆。在许多情况下，悬架的变形和结构的变形是相辅相成的，它在车辆的操纵和舒适性特性中起重要作用。
为了能够正常的额使用，悬架系统必须满足一下要求：
   •能够传递通过地面与车轮的作用力，并且在每个负载条件下符合设计规范。
   •决定在静态和准静态的力的作用下车辆的情况。

3.1    INTRODUCTION
By vehicle suspension we mean a mechanism that links the wheel directly to the body or to a frame attached to the it.
Because a rigid vehicle with more than three wheels is a hyperstatic sys-tem, it is necessary for the vehicle structure to be flexible enough to allow the simultaneous contact of the wheels with the ground. Alternatively the wheels may be connected to a rigid body through a deformable system, the suspension. This second solution is adopted by most vehicles, while the first, widely found in horse carriages in the past, is now used on particularly slow vehicles.
In many cases, to suspension deformation must be added structural deforma-tion, which plays an important role in the handling and comfort characteristics of a vehicle.
To accomplish their task, suspensions must:
•Allow a distribution of forces, exchanged by the wheels with the ground, complying with design specifications in every load condition
•Determine the vehicle trim under the action of static and quasi-static forces