辣椒上一种入境潜在危险性真菌尖孢炭疽菌的鉴定

辣椒上一种入境潜在危险性真菌尖孢炭疽菌的鉴定(8300字)
摘 要：辣椒炭疽病（chilli anthracnose）主要危害辣椒果实，也可危害叶片和茎枝。2009年在湖南芷江的辣椒上发现了一种新炭疽病，病斑长椭圆状，其中央呈成片黄褐色粉末，外围粉红色小点呈同心圆排列，边缘水渍状，普通杀虫剂控制不了，经过显微镜检查初步认定其病原是一种炭疽菌（Colletotrichum），根据其形态特征和耐药性，怀疑是尖孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum acutatum)。为了核实其身份，对该病病原进行了分离鉴定和柯赫氏法则验证，依据分离菌株的形态特征和18S rDNA ITS序列分析进行了鉴定，将分离菌与常见胶孢炭疽菌（Collectotrichum gloeosporioides）进行了致病性和耐药性比较，确定该病原为尖孢炭疽菌（Collectotrichum acutatum）。此为国内辣椒上尖孢炭疽菌的首次报道。
关键词：辣椒；炭疽病；病原鉴定；ITS序列分析

Identification of the Colletotrichum acutatum which is potential risk of entry on pepper
Abstract: Chilli anthracnose mainly damage pepper fruit and also can harm leaves and stems. In 2009, a new anthracnose disease was found in Zhijiang county, Hunan. Lesions were generally long oval in shape, with tawny powder at the center, concentric pink dot peripheries and outer water soaked zones. Common fungicide can not control. Initially determined that the pathogen is an anthrax through microscopic examination. According to the morphological characteristics and drug resistance, Colletotrichum acutatum suspected. In order to verify the identity of the pathogen, applied separated identification and Koch's Rule validation on the pathogen. Based on the morphological characteristics of separation strains and 18S rDNA ITS sequence analysis, they were identified and compared with common Collectotrichum gloeosporioides on pathogenic and resistance comparison. Finally, it comes into the conclusion that the pathogen causing the new anthracnose disease is Collectotrichum acutatum. This is the first report of C. acutatum on chili pepper in China.
Keywords: chili pepper; anthracnose; Identifying pathogen; ITS sequence analysis
 

目  录
摘 要    1
关键词    1
1 前言    2
1.1 症状识别    2
1.2 病害的发生发展规律    2
1.3 发病原因    3
1.4 综合防治措施    3
1.4.1 选用抗病品种    3
1.4.2 农业防治    3
1.4.3 药剂防治    4
1.4.4 生物防治    4
2 材料与方法    5
2.1 病原菌的分离与培养    5
2.2 病原菌形态学观察    5
2.3 病原菌致病性测定    5
2.4 rDNA ITS的PCR扩增与序列分析    5
2.4.1 病原菌DNA的提取    5
2.4.2 rDNA ITS的PCR扩增    6
2.4.3 序列分析与数据处理    6
3 结果与分析    6
3.1 症状特征    6
3.2 分离菌的菌落及形态特征    7
3.3 致病性测定    8
3.4 多菌灵敏感性测定    9
3.5 rDNA ITS序列分析    10
4 结论与讨论    10
参考文献    11
致谢    13