浅析预借、倒签提单行为及其风险防范

浅析预借、倒签提单行为及其风险防范
摘   要
预借、倒签提单是航运贸易中常见的一种海事欺诈行为，近几年，我国国际经贸实践中，预借、倒签提案件频频发生，严重扰乱了正常的海运经济秩序。按照法律规定，货物装上船以后，承运人才能签发“己装船提单”，这是国际公约、国际惯例和法律要求承运人必须履行的法定义务，但承运人却不遵守，将提单做成预借提单或者倒签提单。
因此如何防范预借、倒签提单已成为摆在我们面前的一项重大课题。本文一共分四个部分。第一部分预借提单和倒签提单概述，提出两者概念，然后分析两者异同点。第二部分是分析预借提单和倒签提单的法律性质。第三部分分析预借提单和倒签提单产生的原因及其带来的危害。最后第四部分总结并提出预借提单和倒签提单的防范措施。

【关键词】预借提单 倒签提单 提单欺诈

Abstract
Advanced B/L and anti-dated B/L are one typical kind of maritime frauds that often occur in marine business. In recent years, such cases have taken place so often that they severely disturbed normal ocean-transportation economic order in the business practice. According to our law, only when the goods have been loaded on board，shall the carrier issue an "on board” bill of lading---which is the carrier's legal duty required by the international conventions, international usual practices and laws. But sometimes the carrier don’t obey the law and issues an advanced B/L or anti-dated B/L against the law.
So how to prevent advanced B/L and anti-dated B/L has become a big issue we should face. This thesis can be divided into four parts. The first part is the introduction of basic theory of advanced B/L and anti-dated B/L. The author presents the definitions and analyzes the differences between them. In the second part, the author analyzes the legal nature of the advanced B/L and anti-dated B/L. The third part states the existing reasons and harms causing in reality. At last the author puts forward precaution strategies on the advanced B/L and anti-dated B/L.   

【Key Words】Advanced B/L ; Antedated B/L; Fraud of B/L

目   录
1．预借提单和倒签提单概述    2
1．1预借提单和倒签提单的概念    2
1．2预借提单和倒签提单异同点    2
2．预借提单和倒签提单的责任主体和法律性质    3
2．1预借提单和倒签提单的责任主体    3
2．2预借提单和倒签提单的法律性质    5
3．预借提单和倒签提单产生的原因及其危害    5
3．1预借提单和倒签提单产生的原因    5
3．2预借提单和倒签提单造成的危害    6
3．3预借提单和倒签提单案例分析    8
4．预借提单和倒签提单的风险防范    9
4．1对于进口方来说    9
4．2对于出口方来说    10
参考文献    12
致   谢    13