论银行业如何应对信用证欺诈

论银行业如何应对信用证欺诈
摘    要
在现代金融和贸易领域,信用证作为国际结算最常用的支付工具，解决了国际贸易中买卖双方之间不能互信的风险难题,以安全、快捷、便利为宗旨的银行也因此受到国际商务人士的厚爱,近20年来，针对银行的信用证欺诈现象却有增无减，面对国际贸易领域信用证欺诈的严峻形势，UCP500和即将实行的UCP600都没有关于信用证欺诈的定义及司法救济的规定，年轻的内资银行在处理这种事物时往往显得有些措手不及，所以研究银行如何应对信用证欺诈具有非常重要的现实意义。本文通过研究贸易、法律、金融三方面的相关知识，分析出针对银行的信用证欺诈的类型，欺诈的原因，透过对一些典型案例的认识，提出了银行业如何防范信用证欺诈的措施。

【关键词】独立性原则  UCP500  银行  欺诈  防范

Abstract
In the field of the modern finance and trading, the letter of credit (L/C) has become the most common form of international payment. The L/C has solved the risk problem of non-trust between the seller and buyer in international trade. Meanwhile, the bank which aims to be safe, fast and convenience is popular by the international businessmen. In the recent 20 years, the phenomenal of L/C fraud is increasing. However, under the pressure of urgent circumstances of the L/C fraud, the UCP500 and the UCP600 which is coming to practice in a few days don’t take any measure to the L/C fraud, such as definition or stipulation of the judicial remedy. The domestic bank seems no idea about how to deal with the situation. So, the study about how to deal with the L/C fraud is of great importance to the bank. This thesis is concerned with the knowledge of trading, law and finance, and analyzes the type and the cause of L/C fraud by some typical cases. At last, the thesis puts forth some strategies about how the bank prevents the L/C fraud.

[Key Words] Independence Principle; UCP500; Bank; Fraud; Precaution


目   录
引言    2
1  信用证欺诈的含义    2
1.1信用证欺诈在英美法和大陆法中的定义    2
1.2中国的规定    3
2  银行遭遇的信用证欺诈方式    4
2.1开立无贸易背景的信用证    4
2.2通过贸易融资对银行进行欺诈    5
2.3伪造、变造或使用作废的信用证欺诈银行    6
3  针对银行的信用证欺诈发生的原因    7
3.1信用证的独立抽象性原则    7
3.2缺乏有效国际合作    10
3.3人员因素    10
3.4差额保证金的大量存在    10
3.5各国法律法规不同给欺诈者以可趁之机    11
3.6跨国诉讼的复杂与不便    11
4  银行如何防范信用证欺诈    11
4.1加强国际交流合作    11
4.2健全内部制度    11
4.3福费廷避险法    11
4.4慎重选择往来银行    12
4.5加强对客户的调查    12
5  银行对信用证欺诈的救济措施    12
5.1运用“欺诈例外”原则处理信用证欺诈    12
5.2申请止付令    13
5.3我国银行界的司法救济    14
结束语    14
参考文献    15
致   谢    16